资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
《美丽河北》慢直播:慢下来,看见美好生活****** 光明日报记者 耿建扩 陈元秋 近期,伴随一日三餐,准时打开电视收看河北台《美丽河北》慢直播节目,已经成为河北正定居民李建国雷打不动的习惯。而对于在北京工作生活多年的河北小伙张佳嘉来说,闲暇时分通过手机观看《美丽河北》慢直播,浏览家乡的美景美物,则让他的乡愁得到了慰藉。 河北广播电视台于今年10月推出的《美丽河北》慢直播节目,已经逐渐走进百姓视野,融入日常生活,成为展示河北、服务受众的一个亮丽窗口。 “用慢镜头观照当下生活,用最直接、最真实的画面展现河北大地的生态环境之美和地理人文之美,这是《美丽河北》慢直播的立意初衷,更是融媒生态下广电节目的一次全新探索与尝试。”河北广播电视台党委书记、台长武鸿儒说。 对于节目直播团队来讲,这也是一次全新的挑战。节目直播团队负责人乔晓曦表示:“面对不同平台不同受众提供多元选择,还要兼顾收视的良好体验,特别是在电视端长时段的慢直播,在全国都是首创。直播点位的统筹选择、气候变化的及时应对、网络传输的技术保障,这些都是节目面对的难点。” “做加法易,做减法难”,这是乔晓曦在节目制作的这几个月里最深刻的体会。用最简单的慢直播镜头叙事,不要特技渲染、没有舞台支撑、不需文字脚本,想要将电视节目的基础题做成高分题,难上加难。 主创团队几经摸索,不断改进,形成了目前以单元式结构为框架,以直播点位即时影像呈现为基础,辅之以相应季节、时间相近的拍摄短片展现为补充的节目样态。节目分为“曙光”“正午”“暮色”三大版式,河北卫视、河北公共两个频道每天早中晚三个时段大屏呈现;“冀时”客户端则覆盖全省多个点位,进行全天候直播;IPTV平台“冀时”板块,也开通了“正在直播”“直播回看”“精彩集锦”“定点直播”等功能。主创团队力求通过大小屏联动,节目以时空交错的慢直播镜头,向全国受众实时呈现燕赵大地生态文明建设的和谐图景。 构建覆盖全省的慢直播素材体系工程庞大,所有镜头安装需要充分考虑节目直播需要,保证每期节目有点有面,有静有动,有远有近,多角度展现美丽风光,这也是节目制作中遇到的一大难题。 “面广、点多,还要让镜头动起来、美起来”,为此,节目技术团队负责人靳瑞勇带领团队成员跑遍了全省各地,遴选各地的标志性景点铺设专门用于直播的高清摄像头。截至目前,节目直播布点已实现全省14个地市(含雄安新区、定州、辛集)全覆盖,共计83个景点、116路直播信号,并还在陆续拓展中。在选景方面,团队首选燕赵脊梁太行山、水润燕赵白洋淀、历史名城正定等河北最具代表性的旅游名胜和景观打卡地。同时,逐渐拓展视角,把直播的镜头延伸到燕山南北、长城内外、山乡名城、山水之间、传统村落,用浸润着情感的镜头诠释河北的山河壮美、城乡洁美、风光秀美、人文致美。 “美不仅是光和影的艺术,美还要有主题”,节目采集制作团队负责人朱新介绍,节目题材的选择越来越广泛,主题越来越突出,既有代表雄浑壮阔气质的燕山和太行山,也有体现燕赵乡村婉约柔美的水乡水镇,既有体现河北深厚历史文化、具有古典之美的长城古塞、古刹古塔,又有展示现代城乡人民生活风貌和丰衣足食的场景,既有自然之美,又有人文之美,既有历史之美,又有现代之美。 想要记录下最美的场景,各种艰辛自不必说。“制作团队在太阳还没露脸时就得蹲守等待,用镜头留住红日喷薄而出的瞬间。鸟儿还没有睡醒时,悄悄等待它们起飞的一刻,让飞翔与山水、草木一起收入画面。慢直播的镜头里沉浸的是工作人员发现美、追逐美的执着心境与辛苦付出。”河北公共频道总监王磊介绍。 《美丽河北》慢直播上线以来,其创新性探索得到了业内专家广泛关注。中国传媒大学艺术研究院教授王黑特认为,该节目体现出全媒时代以人为本的传播策略,天然去雕饰的呈现内容让人自然对节目产生了亲近感。湖南广播电视台高级编辑吴涛告诉记者:“看到河北台场景化系统化生态化地呈现美丽河北,自己深深为广电媒体运用互联网思维探索的传播创新所鼓舞。” 慢下来,看见美好生活。《美丽河北》这档首上荧屏的“慢直播”,让地域生态之美可感、可知,让生态保护之益可鉴、可学,正在勾起无数燕赵儿女的“深乡愁”,也吸引着越来越多的游客前来燕赵大地旅游打卡。 《光明日报》( 2022年12月21日 09版) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |